Wish there was a guide for motivation that told you what to do and when?
There is, and it’s called the Cycle Of Change.
Originally designed to assess and treat substance abuse, the cycle of change describes the process you will go through to change your behavior, and how your level of motivation fluctuates throughout that process.
Precontemplative – not even thinking about changing
Contemplative – realising something might need to change
Planning – figuring out how to change
Action – making the changes
Maintenance – making the changes consistent over time
Lapse – having thoughts that put you at risk of going backwards
Relapse – giving up and reverting back to your old behavior
By determining where you are in the cycle you can figure out what the most effective actions are for you to take.
Motivation fluctuates over time. You may assess yourself as being at a certain stage one day, only to then move forward or backwards to a different stage shortly after that. This most often happens when something in your environment presents either a new challenge or more inspiration.
THE CYCLE OF CHANGE IN ACTION
Any of you can research the cycle of change, so today I’ll do something different. I’m going to share a true-life story of someone I worked with as she travelled through the entire cycle.
To ensure privacy, let’s just call her “Joan”.
Joan was a high risk offender I worked with for a number of years and, sadly, is not one of my success stories. However her journey will allow us to go through the entire cycle of change model, from pre-contemplative through to relapse.
When Joan was first released from prison she was tough to work with. The many years of ingrained gang-mentality, combined with a long-standing hatred for “the system”, meant I needed to bring out the big guns in order to motivate her.
What was complex in this case was that she actually made a lot of money from crime, which financed her fun-filled and hedonistic lifestyle.
When she first came in it was obvious that she did not see herself as having any issues. This was a woman with “F*** the Police” tattooed on her face.
Joan had been running a highly profitable car theft ring, and had such a great underworld reputation that prison was actually a pretty enjoyable experience for her. Therefore, the idea that she needed to change had genuinely never occurred to her.
This placed her in the pre-contemplative stage.
PRECONTEMPLATIVE STAGE
Action required: Get uncomfortable about staying the same.
After a few sessions it was obvious there was no “ammunition” for me to work with regarding the costs and benefits of crime for her. She loved crime! But as time went on and we built a rapport, I learned that she had four children.
One thing that is almost universal about the offenders I have worked with is they almost never want the same life for their children (yes ok, there are some very shocking exceptions). I decided to work on this new angle.
I had assisted her to find housing and employment, and had given her some solid support for solving problems. We also had a frank discussion, where we “unpacked” her history with government agencies and the justice system. I acknowledged how she felt.
After all of this she started to trust me a little. This allowed me to introduce the concept of completing exercises to examine her life, to see if anything could be better.
Together we predicted the path that her eldest son would take in life. On one side, I got Joan to predict what would happen to him if she kept up her life of crime.
Joan was quite straightforward and it was easy to see that her boy would get involved in drugs, end up in gangs, and quite likely go to prison.
On the other side we predicted what would happen to him if she quit offending immediately. It was touching to see that she had quite high hopes for her son, with him completing school, getting a university qualification, and supporting his sisters by starting his own business.
I left Joan to mull over our discussion for a week. When she came back, she said that she was starting to see that she needed to do something to at least plan for the future of her children. She was now in the contemplative stage.
CONTEMPLATIVE STAGE
Action required: Motivational work; take advantage of this opportunity and create hope in change.
Focusing on her son, we went through and listed everything he would need from Joan to achieve the lifestyle she wanted him to have. This was tricky ground, because a lot of his financial needs could be supported through crime. We might have ended up coming to the conclusion that she had to keep offending to support her son.
Instead I had her look at other types of support he would need. Joan came up with ideas like transport to extra-curricular activities, helping with his homework, backing for a business loan, and so on.
I think at that stage she didn’t even realize we had basically agreed that she needed to stay out of prison, i.e. she had to stop offending. As you’ll soon see, I made some false assumptions here that ended up costing us both.
We had now moved tentatively into the planning stage.
PLANNING STAGE
Action required: Figure out how to make the change possible and achievable.
Whether Joan was aware of it or not, she had now completed the foundation of the plan for her to stop offending and stay out of prison. In order for her to take action on this plan, I needed to motivate her.
We dedicated the next few sessions to motivational interviewing and exercises, where I slowly increased her confidence so she could write her goals. Eventually the plan was clear:
- I will complete the Better Start [name changed] parenting course by end of July
- I will complete a certified course in catering, starting July 15th, so that I can get better employment
- I will spend 1 hour every night helping my children with their homework and talking with them about their school life
Once she became more motivated we went about the practical aspects of putting these goals into action.
ACTION STAGE
Action required: Encourage continued action through praise and support, and build on results.
Joan did well, was soon gainfully employed and began enthusiastically sharing stories about the increasing quality of her family time. She even bought her son in to tell me about what he had been learning at school.
MAINTENANCE PHASE
Action required: Overcome obstacles while embedding change through new routines.
While there were a few small hiccups here and there, Joan kept this helpful behavior going for quite a few months and moved into the maintenance phase. Even the Police commented on her improvements.
If only the story ended there…
LAPSE
Action required: Stop and figure out what caused lapse thinking. Implement strategies to get back on track.
Joan had her first lapse. She had been at a friend’s place when an argument occurred. Her friend had some unhelpful things to say about Joan’s new outlook on life. Given that Joan was known for assaulting Police severely enough to hospitalize them, this friend must have been intoxicated, reckless or plain old crazy.
Joan managed to remove herself from the situation, but the next time she reported in to me I could see the dark storm-cloud over her head. She was cursing more than usual, and her body language was tense and menacing.
After some gentle questioning, Joan disclosed the incident and admitted that she had been contemplating ordering others to commit serious violence against her new enemy. This was a serious lapse which thankfully had not resulted in action.
We did some exercises on managing high risk situations, and Joan left with a clear “relapse prevention” plan, which detailed how to avoid the friend as well as how to deal with the situation should Joan accidentally run into her.
Unfortunately, I had misjudged the situation.
I had thought that by dealing with the specific threat to her success I helped neutralize the problem. What I missed was the core issue in the lapse: Joan was back to using crime to solve problems.
I had not even contemplated that she might be applying this negative style of thinking to other problems in her life. Sure enough, one week later she failed to report in to me, because she had relapsed.
RELAPSE
Action required: Start over again, learning from the last attempt’s mistakes.
I checked her up on the computer-system and found out she had been remanded in custody with active theft charges. Turns out she re-engaged her old criminal network and started stealing again.
Even though I had trained myself not to get emotionally attached to the outcomes with clients, I felt disappointed. It’s hard to see months of hard work go down the drain, but at least I learned a very valuable lesson:
Problem-thinking always affects more than one area of your life!
This is incredibly powerful stuff right here. Thanks so much for this article. It seems, for this particular individual, that she jumped right into the solution. What could have been dealt with first is her addiction to her story/experiences of her past that shaped her present, break away from the shackles of that shame and then go from there. All in all, a powerful article. Thank you!
Very true Sheila, thank you